Tuorla blazar monitoring program

Optical light curves

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Main characteristics

• Principal investigators: K. Nilsson and E. Lindfors
• Co-investigator: V. Fallah Ramazani
• Data analysers: J. Jormanainen, V. Fallah Ramazani, E. Lindfors (current), E. Johtela, F. Wierda (current)


• Telescopes used
  • the 35 cm telescope at the KVA observatory, La Palma, Canary islands, Spain
  • the 1.03 m telescope at Tuorla Observatory, Turku, Finland
  • the 50 cm Searchlight Observatory Network telescope, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile
  • the 40 cm Searchlight Observatory Network telescope, New Mexico, USA
  • the 60 cm telesocpe at Belogradchik, Bulgaria
  • the 2.56 m Nordic Optical Telescope, La Palma, Canary islands, Spain (current)
  • the 80 cm Joan Oró Telescope at Montsec Astronomical Observatory, Spain (current)


• All data were taken through the Cousins R-band filter.


• The light curves have been grouped as follows:


• "VHE gamma-ray emitting blazars and AGNs" : Blazars and AGNs listed in online catalog for very-high-energy gamma-Ray Astronomy (TeVCat) with declination > -31 deg.
• "Other blazars and AGNs" : A collection of Blazars and other AGN.
• "Fermi-LAT bright sources" : A collection of high-energy gamma-ray AGNs that are not currently being monitored.


• The plots show the light curves of the object (purple) and the control star (green). The latter is used to check possible problems with the comparison star and the overall quality of the photometry. The data presented are one-hour averages.


• Further notes on the tables :


• The finding charts show 12 arcmin field of view around the targets, unless otherwise noted.
• For some sources we have used our own preliminary calibration for the comparison stars.
• For some sources the control star light curves (green points) have been shifted in the vertical direction to enable better scaling of the light curve.
• In the "Obs epochs" column, the right end of the image corresponds to 12:00 UT on the date of the last update, left end to this date - 100 days.


• Former observers: R. Bachev, A. Berdyugin, S. Ciprini, V. Fallah Ramazani, A. Halkola, C. Harlingten, T. Hovatta, J. Jormanainen, V. Kadenius, P. Kehusmaa, N. Koivisto, E. Lindfors, A. Nabizadeh, K. Nilsson, P. Nurmi, A. Oksanen, L. Ostorero, C. Palmroos, M. Pasanen, R. Reinthal, J. Saarinen, J. Sainio, A. Somero, A. Strigachev, L. O. Takalo, N. Talebpour Sheshvan, T. Tuominen, C. Villforth, T. Vornanen, S. Wagner, F. Wierda

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Data policy

The light curves shown on these pages are intended as a quick-look service for the astronomy community. They are made public here to aid multiwavelength observational campaigns, which sometimes require quick response times. If you want to use some of the data for a publication, please do not extract the data from the images. Contact us and ask for the possibility of getting the data you need.

Data analysis procedure is available at K. Nilsson et al. (2018, A&A, 620, 185).
The first data realease (2002-2012) of 31 northern sky blazars is available at: Strasbourg astronomical Data Center (CDS-Vizier).

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Light curves

Updated Mon 06 Jul 2026 04:04:24 PM UTC

FERMI-LAT bright targets

TeV blazars and AGNs
Name	Finding chart	Lightcurve		Obs epochs (last 100 days)	Days since last observation
1ES 0033+595	Find	Mag	Jy		9
S2 0109+22	Find	Mag	Jy		6
RGB 0136+391	Find	Mag	Jy		6
RGB 0214+517	Find	Mag	Jy		6
B2 0218+35	Find	Mag	Jy		13
3C 66A	Find	Mag	Jy		8
1ES 0229+200	Find	Mag	Jy		110
NGC 1275	Find	Mag	Jy		98
HB89 0317+185	Find	Mag	Jy		107
1ES 0414+009	Find	Mag	Jy		107
1ES 0502+675	Find	Mag	Jy		73
TXS 0506+056	Find	Mag	Jy		89
VER 0521+211	Find	Mag	Jy		81
VER 0648+151	Find	Mag	Jy		73
1ES 0647+250	Find	Mag	Jy		83
RGB 0710+591	Find	Mag	Jy		73
S5 0716+714	Find	Mag	Jy		44
NVSS J073326+515355	Find	Mag	Jy		73
1ES 0806+524	Find	Mag	Jy		73
RGB 0847+115	Find	Mag	Jy		75
OJ 287	Find	Mag	Jy		36
S4 0954+65	Find	Mag	Jy		26
1ES 1011+496	Find	Mag	Jy		19
1ES 1028+511	Find	Mag	Jy		26
RX J1058.5+2817	Find	Mag	Jy		26
Mkn 421	Find	Mag	Jy		16
Mkn 180	Find	Mag	Jy		6
RGB 1136+676	Find	Mag	Jy		6
4C 29.45	Find	Mag	Jy		52
ON 325	Find	Mag	Jy		11
1ES 1218+304	Find	Mag	Jy		10
ON 231	Find	Mag	Jy		13
MS 1221.8+2452	Find	Mag	Jy		20
ON 238	Find	Mag	Jy		11
ON 246	Find	Mag	Jy		6
3C 279	Find	Mag	Jy		18
B2 1308+32.6	Find	Mag	Jy		19
PKS 1413+135	Find	Mag	Jy		23
RGB 1417+257	Find	Mag	Jy		6
B2 1420+32	Find	Mag	Jy		6
PG 1424+240	Find	Mag	Jy		6
1ES 1426+428	Find	Mag	Jy		10
1ES 1440+122	Find	Mag	Jy		10
PKS 1441+25	Find	Mag	Jy		9
PKS 1510-089	Find	Mag	Jy		6
PG 1553+113	Find	Mag	Jy		6
Mkn 501	Find	Mag	Jy		5
H 1722+119	Find	Mag	Jy		9
OT 546	Find	Mag	Jy		5
1ES 1741+196	Find	Mag	Jy		11
HB89 1749+096	Find	Mag	Jy		9
B2 1811+31	Find	Mag	Jy		11
1ES 1959+650	Find	Mag	Jy		8
MG4 J200112+4352	Find	Mag	Jy		10
1ES 2037+521	Find	Mag	Jy		10
BL Lac	Find	Mag	Jy		6
RGB J2243+203	Find	Mag	Jy		5
B3 2247+381	Find	Mag	Jy		6
1ES 2344+514	Find	Mag	Jy		6

Other blazars and AGN
Name	Finding chart	Lightcurve		Obs epochs (last 100 days)	Days since last observation
RX J00352+1515	Find	Mag	Jy		6
4C+31.03	Find	Mag	Jy		11
3FHL J0134.4+2638	Find	Mag	Jy		9
CGRaBS J0211+1051	Find	Mag	Jy		131
B2 0234+28	Find	Mag	Jy		114
AO 0235+164	Find	Mag	Jy		111
PKS 0310+013	Find	Mag	Jy		129
RX J03384+1302	Find	Mag	Jy		102
RGB 0505+612	Find	Mag	Jy		90
3FHL J0601.0+3837	Find	Mag	Jy		107
B2 0716+33	Find	Mag	Jy		73
PKS 0735+178	Find	Mag	Jy		72
3FHL J0746.3-0225	Find	Mag	Jy		90
CRATES J0905+1358	Find	Mag	Jy		72
PMN 0953-0840	Find	Mag	Jy		73
RX J1022.7-0112	Find	Mag	Jy		48
RBS 0921	Find	Mag	Jy		34
RBS 0970	Find	Mag	Jy		31
TON 116	Find	Mag	Jy		19
PG 1246+586	Find	Mag	Jy		17
S4 1250+53	Find	Mag	Jy		22
B2 1348+308	Find	Mag	Jy		19
PKS 1406-076	Find	Mag	Jy		17
3FHL J1418.4-0233	Find	Mag	Jy		22
RBS 1409	Find	Mag	Jy		277
PKS 1502+106	Find	Mag	Jy		10
3FHL J1511.8-0513	Find	Mag	Jy		17
BZQ J1514+4450	Find	Mag	Jy		10
3FHL J1520.7-0348	Find	Mag	Jy		17
1ES 1544+820	Find	Mag	Jy		8
3FHL J1546.1+0818	Find	Mag	Jy		15
CRATES J1558+5625	Find	Mag	Jy		10
FGL 1656+6012	Find	Mag	Jy		26
RGB J1754+322	Find	Mag	Jy		29
GB6 J1838+4802	Find	Mag	Jy		9
GB6 B1842+1543	Find	Mag	Jy		29
RGB 1903+556	Find	Mag	Jy		9
3FHL J1942.7+1033	Find	Mag	Jy		12
3FHL J2156.0+1818	Find	Mag	Jy		8
RGB J2232+117	Find	Mag	Jy		5
TXS 2241+406	Find	Mag	Jy		10
3C 454.3	Find	Mag	Jy		5

FERMI-LAT bright targets

Background picture credit : Rami Rekola 2001